Former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte was arrested on March 11, 2025, at Manila’s Ninoy Aquino International Airport upon his return from Hong Kong. The arrest was executed based on a warrant issued by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for alleged crimes against humanity linked to his administration’s aggressive anti-drug campaign.
The Philippine National Police detained the 79-year-old ex-leader immediately after his flight landed at 9:20 AM local time. The operation proceeded without incident, and Duterte was reported to be in good health during the arrest.
Background on ICC Investigation
The ICC’s investigation into Rodrigo Duterte’s actions began in 2021, focusing on alleged extrajudicial killings during his tenure as both mayor of Davao City and as president. Human rights organizations estimate that over 12,000 individuals, predominantly from impoverished communities, were killed in anti-drug operations. Rodrigo Duterte’s administration officially acknowledged approximately 6,200 deaths, asserting they occurred during legitimate police operations.
In 2019, Rodrigo Duterte withdrew the Philippines from the ICC’s Rome Statute in response to the court’s preliminary examinations into the drug war killings. Despite this withdrawal, the ICC maintained jurisdiction over crimes committed while the Philippines was still a member, leading to the continuation of the investigation.
Legal and Political Reactions
Rodrigo Duterte’s legal team has strongly condemned his arrest, arguing that the International Criminal Court (ICC) has no jurisdiction over him since the Philippines withdrew from the Rome Statute in 2019. According to his lawyers, the arrest violates the country’s sovereignty and disregards domestic legal procedures.
They have also raised concerns over due process, claiming that Rodrigo Duterte was not given immediate access to his legal team upon detention, which they argue is a fundamental right. Meanwhile, Duterte’s allies in the Philippine Congress have denounced the arrest as politically motivated, accusing the Marcos Jr. administration of failing to protect a former head of state. They argue that this move sets a dangerous precedent that could be used against other high-ranking officials in the future.
Beyond legal disputes, the arrest has triggered significant political turmoil within the Philippines, with Vice President Sara Duterte caught in a difficult position. As the former president’s daughter and a key figure in the ruling coalition, she now faces mounting pressure to either support her father or maintain loyalty to President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
This internal divide could weaken the Marcos administration, especially if Sara Rodrigo Duterte’s supporters rally against the government’s handling of the case. On the international front, the arrest has placed the Philippines under the spotlight, potentially affecting its relations with allies like the United States, which has historically supported accountability for human rights violations. Some analysts predict that diplomatic tensions may arise if Duterte’s case progresses in the ICC, particularly if international pressure mounts on the Marcos administration to fully cooperate with the court.
Public and International Response
Human rights advocates and families of the drug war victims have lauded the arrest as a significant step towards justice. Randy delos Santos, whose nephew was killed in a 2017 anti-drug operation, expressed hope that other officials involved in the crackdown would also be held accountable.
Internationally, the arrest has been viewed as a pivotal moment for the ICC, demonstrating its commitment to pursuing accountability for alleged human rights violations, even involving former heads of state. This move may bolster the court’s credibility in enforcing international law.
Next Steps in Legal Proceedings
Following his arrest, Rodrigo Duterte underwent a medical examination and is currently held in a secure facility in Manila. The Philippine government has stated its intention to cooperate with the ICC’s proceedings, marking a departure from the previous administration’s stance.
The ICC is expected to initiate formal proceedings, which will include a confirmation of charges hearing. If the charges are confirmed, a trial will be scheduled. Legal experts anticipate a complex legal battle, given the unprecedented nature of a former Philippine president facing international charges.
Implications for Philippine Politics
Rodrigo Duterte’s arrest could have far-reaching implications for Philippine politics. It may influence upcoming elections and alter the political landscape, especially considering Duterte’s enduring popularity among certain segments of the population. The situation also presents a challenge for President Marcos Jr.’s administration in balancing domestic political pressures with international legal obligations.
As the legal process unfolds, the Philippines and the international community will closely monitor the developments, reflecting on issues of justice, accountability, and the rule of law.
